In addition, when a complete history is difficult to obtain and in patients who are concerned about the use of contrast material or are at risk for aspiration, low-osmolality agents should be considered. ![]() Low-osmolar, nonionic agents should be used in patients known to have renal insufficiency. This group includes patients who had previous contrast reactions, or who have asthma, multiple allergies, or diseases that could be aggravated by contrast materials ( Table 2). 19 According to these guidelines, nonionic agents should be used in patients who are at increased risk of adverse reactions. ![]() Guidelines have been developed by the American College of Radiology for the use of low-osmolality, nonionic agents. Nonionic contrast agents cost up to 10 times more than high-osmolality ionic agents. ![]() Unfortunately, the higher cost of non-ionic agents prohibits their widespread use. Some physicians suggest that nonionic, low-osmolality agents be used universally because fewer adverse reactions are associated with them. The role of these agents in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma is also unclear. Low-osmolar, nonionic agents are helpful in patients with known conditions associated with adverse reactions. Thus, these contrast agents may not be helpful in detecting tumors in deeply jaundiced patients and in many patients with cirrhosis. Renal insufficiency induced by contrast material may be prevented by ensuring adequate hydration and discontinuing other nephrotoxic medications before the procedure. Using the smallest amount of contrast material possible and low-molecular, nonionic agents also decreases the relative risk of reactions. If such reactions do occur, prompt recognition allows them to be treated immediately. Prophylactic treatment before administration of contrast material can prevent potential adverse reactions. Awareness of the different types of risk factors and prescreening for their presence allows for early recognition and prompt treatment. Pretreatment of patients who have such risk factors with a corticosteroid and diphenhydramine decreases the chance of allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, renal failure, or a possible life-threatening emergency. Previous allergic reactions to contrast material, asthma, and allergies are factors associated with an increased risk of developing an adverse reaction. Other forms of adverse reactions include delayed allergic reactions, anaphylactic reactions, and local tissue damage. Renal toxicity is a well known adverse reaction associated with the use of intravenous contrast material. The exogenous contrast from contrast agents is not replaceable, but otherĮndogenous contrast such as T1, T2, etc can be synthesized from other contrast.Adverse reactions to contrast agents range from a mild inconvenience, such as itching associated with hives, to a life-threatening emergency. Investigate which contrasts are essential. Imputation problem: which contrast does matter? Here, we present a systematicĪpproach using Collaborative Generative Adversarial Networks (CollaGAN), whichĮnable the learning of the joint image manifold of multiple MR contrasts to Poses a fundamental challenge to understand the nature of the MR contrast Lack of the scalability of the existing GAN-based image translation approaches ![]() The key solutions for handling the missing data problem. TheseĪpproaches are potentially important for image imputation problems, whereĬomplete set of data is often difficult to obtain and image synthesis is one of Synthesize MR image contrast from other images with different contrasts. Image synthesis, there are many exciting GAN approaches that successfully Download a PDF of the paper titled Which Contrast Does Matter? Towards a Deep Understanding of MR Contrast using Collaborative GAN, by Dongwook Lee and 2 other authors Download PDF Abstract: Thanks to the recent success of generative adversarial network (GAN) for
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